Citation Information: Groenewald, T. (2004). Research objective to be addressed: To discuss marketing, marketing communication, integrated marketing communication and OOH advertising media from a theoretical perspective, in order to identify and apply the key IMC principles that should guide the planning of OOH advertising media as part of an overall IMC campaign. The child's home environment for lesbian versus heterosexual mothers: A neglected area of research. All rights reserved. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The Professional School of Psychology, San Francisco. All rights reserved.). [52], Other potential applications are centered around social monitoring. In F. W. Bozett (Ed. Victor, S. B., & Fish, M. C. (1995). New York: Praeger. (2000). Seven types of outcomes were found to be typical: emotional functioning, sexual preference, stigmatization, gender role behavior, behavioral adjustment, gender identity, and cognitive functioning. Multi-Media wird sehr hufig fr Werbeaktionen genutzt, da man sich nicht auf das lesen einen Textes oder dem zuhren eines Audioclips konzentrieren muss, sondern sich Bild und Ton ergnzen. The velveteen father: An unexpected journey to parenthood. Heterosexual and homosexual mothers' self-described sex-role behavior and ideal sex-role behavior in children. Dadurch knnen Informationen viel leichter die Zuschauer erreichen. In A. E. Gottfried & A. W. Gottfried (Eds. Reference: Conger, J. J. All rights reserved.). (1995). Another aspect of diversity among lesbian and gay parented families relates to the psychological status and well-being of the parent. (1985). Deys (1993) account of on qualitative data analysis, which aims to identify shared techniques across the diverse range of qualitative a qualitative investigation. Another area within affective computing is the design of computational devices proposed to exhibit either innate emotional capabilities or that are capable of convincingly simulating emotions. Psychosocial adjustment among children conceived via donor insemination by lesbian and heterosexual mothers. Chan, R. W., Brooks, R. C., Raboy, B., & Patterson, C. J. This study examined associations among family type (same-sex vs. opposite-sex parents); family and relationship variables; and the psychosocial adjustment, school outcomes, and romantic attractions and behaviors of adolescents. Lesbian adoptive parents were more likely to report that this preference caused occasional conflict. In all studies, the great majority of offspring of both lesbian mothers and gay fathers described themselves as heterosexual. ), Siegenthaler, A. L., & Bigner, J. J. A naturalistic database can be produced by observation and analysis of subjects in their natural context. Parents and children in these two kinds of families are likely to have experiences that differ in many respects (Wright, 1998). Psychological Reports, 44, 880-882. New York: Brunner-Mazel. When subjects are chose because of the close proximity to a researcher, that is, the ones that are easier for the researcher to access, the researcher is making a convenience sampling. (2003). To submit to the editorial office of Dennis M. Kivlighan, Jr., please submit manuscripts electronically through the Manuscript Submission Portal in Microsoft Word or Open Office format. See footnote on page 6. This study compared the networks of extended family and friendship relationships of children conceived via donor insemination with lesbian versus heterosexual parents. Copyright 2002 by the American Psychological Association. Wer produziert am billigsten und Copies of dissertations may be obtained by addressing your request to UMI Dissertation Services, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 USA. Lesbian and gay families with children: Implications of social science research for policy. The American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers adopted the following position statement at its November 2004 meeting: It is an interdisciplinary field spanning computer science, psychology, and cognitive science. so wie Sie es von einem Shop gewhnt sind. Young (Eds. Unlike fathers in heterosexual families, the lesbian social mother is as much involved in child activities as is the biological mother. The National Lesbian Family Study: 2. Journal of Family Psychology, 16, 144-156. None of these assumptions are supported by extant research and theory. and 20 lesbian (mean age 34 yrs.) For example, judges have repeatedly expressed concern that children living with lesbian mothers or gay fathers may be stigmatized, teased, or otherwise victimized by peers. Further explains that, "captive participants such as students in the researchers own institution are main examples of convenience sampling" [4]. Other Aspects of Personal Development Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 43, 335-351. (pp. the problem of outliers. Patterson, C. J., Fulcher, M., & Wainright, J. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. The standards offer ways to improve transparency in reporting to ensure that readers have the information necessary to evaluate the quality of the research and to facilitate collaboration and replication. Lawrence A Palinkas, Carla A Green, Jennifer P Wisdom, & Kimberly Eaton Hoagwood. Advocate for initiatives that establish permanency through coparent or second-parent adoption for children of same-sex partners through the judicial system, legislation, and community education. The National Association of Social Workers has a similar policy (National Association of Social Workers, 1994). (From the chapter) a rapidly growing and highly consistent body of empirical work has failed to identify significant differences between lesbian mothers and their heterosexual counterparts or the children raised by these groups / researchers have been unable to establish empirically that detriment results to children from being raised by lesbian mothers / thus, it appears that there is a considerable gap between many of the assumptions on which legal decision makers have traditionally based their [child custody] decisions and the corresponding empirical and theoretical literature on lesbian mothers and their children / the major implication for legal decision makers is that they should focus less or not at all on the sexual orientation of a potential custodian and more on other factors commonly associated with the best-interests-of-the-child standard, such as the quality of the parent-child relationship. Research designs: Quantitative, qualitative, neuropsychological, and biological. Family Process, 11, 209-218. Martin, A. Creates the basis for financial security for children in the event of the death of either parent by ensuring eligibility to all appropriate entitlements, such as Social Security survivors benefits. (1998). There are many proposed methods[36] to detect the body gesture. , National Association of Social Workers (2002). APA endorses the Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) Guidelines by a community working group in conjunction with the Center for Open Science (Nosek et al. The range of possible choices is vast, with some studies mentioning the use of over 200 distinct features. ), Gershon, T. D., Tschann, J. M., & Jemerin, J. M. (1999). Adoption Quarterly, 7(1), 73-84.
Introduction to Sociology For example, as would be expected, most school-aged children reported same-sex best friends and predominantly same-sex peer groups (Golombok et al., 1983; Green, 1978; Patterson, 1994a). (1999). New York: Basic Books. smiles of genuine happiness tend to have different dynamics than "try to look happy" smiles.). Psychologist Stanley Smith Stevens developed the best-known classification with four levels, or scales, of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. Journal of Homosexuality, 7, 49-56. (1991). As part of a longitudinal study of lesbian families in which the children were conceived by donor insemination, interviews were conducted with 156 mothers and co-mothers (aged 26-51 yrs.). Although both parents reported sharing household tasks and decision making equally, biological mothers reported greater involvement in child care, and nonbiological mothers reported spending longer hours in paid employment. Research findings suggest that unless and until the weight of evidence can be shown to have shifted, parental sexual orientation should be considered irrelevant to disputes involving child custody, visitation, foster care, and adoption. All rights reserved. In A. R. D'Augelli and C. J. Patterson (Eds. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. London: Routledge. In B. Greene & G. M. Herek (Eds. In J. Marmor (Ed. Armesto, J. C. (2002). It can be cumbersome to ensure that the sensor shining an infra-red light and monitoring the reflected light is always pointing at the same extremity, especially seeing as subjects often stretch and readjust their position while using a computer. There were no examples of regression to child victims among peer-oriented, homosexual males. Although, Nonprobability sampling has a lot of limitations Possible explanations for these similarities and differences in parenting styles are explored. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 70(4), 542-548. (1975). General knowledge about qualitative data analysis, how to code qualitative data and decisions concerning related research design in the analytical process are all important for novice researchers. in Tarozzi, M. & Mortari, L. (2010) Phenomenology and Human Science Research Today, The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication, M Giardina and M Donnelly (eds), Physical Culture, Ethnography and the Body: Theory, Method and Praxis, Abingdon: Routledge, Women and Exercise: The Body, Health and Consumerism, Families, systems & health : the journal of collaborative family healthcare, The Lived Experiences of Adolescents with Cancer the Lived Experiences of Adolescents with Cancer, Toward developing a descriptive multicultural phenomenology, The lived experiences of adolescents with cancer, Heuristic Inquiry: Differentiated From Descriptive Phenomenology and Aligned With Transpersonal Research Methods, How phenomenology can help us learn from the experiences of others, Stepping Into the Participants' Shoes: The Trans-Positional Cognition Approach, A phenomenological research design illustrated, A phenomenological approach to experiences with technology: current state, promise, and future directions for research, Retracing the Labyrinth: Applying Phenomenology for Embodied Interpretation. Research methods in anthropology: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (3rd ed.). Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services, 1, 33-55. This area is gaining momentum and we are now seeing real products that implement the techniques. (The dissertation citation and abstract contained here is published with permission of ProQuest Information and Learning. Questionnaires included: the Nungesser Homosexual Attitudes Inventory, the Ego-Dystonic Homosexuality Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, the Family-of-Origin Scale, the Parent-Child Relations Questionnaire II, and a demographic section. These findings make it difficult to defend the view that the mother's sexual orientation is detrimental to the development of the child's self-concept or locus of control orientation. Sarafino, E. P. (1979). Data gathering is crucial in research, as the data is meant to contribute to a better understanding of a theoretical framework [2]. Parents, Family and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG) Studies of other aspects of personal development among children of lesbian and gay parents have assessed a broad array of characteristics. No abstract available. Patterson, C. J., & Redding, R. E. (1996). All rights reserved. In this article, we take up this open question as a point of departure and offer thematic analysis, an analytic method commonly used to identify patterns across language-based data (Braun & Clarke, 2006), as a useful starting point for learning about the qualitative analysis process.In doing so, we do not advocate for only learning the nuances of thematic analysis, but Copyright 2002 by the American Psychological Association. Hence, there is a risk of collecting poor quality data due to poor research outcomes and as such, difficult to convince others to accept the findings of research based on poor foundation [, Some methods literature disregards convenience sampling as being an inappropriate method in social research due to the severe limitations [, Data gathering is crucial in research, as the data is meant to contribute to a better understanding of a theoretical framework [, TCS is useful when a researcher is dealing with large programs, it helps set the bar of what is standard or "typical". Reviews research on the personal and social development of children of gay or lesbian parents (CGLP). In C. J. Patterson & A. R. D'Augelli (Eds. Children of gay and lesbian parents. We strongly encourage you to use MathType (third-party software) or Equation Editor 3.0 (built into pre-2007 versions of Word) to construct your equations, rather than the equation support that is built into Word 2007 and Word 2010. 73, No. ), Tasker, F. (1999). Differences in subjects' ratings indicated that a boy raised by gay fathers was perceived to be experiencing greater confusion regarding his sexual orientation and gender identity. The application of thematic analysis requires trained expertise and should not be used in a prescriptive, linear, and inflexible manner while analyzing data. American Psychologist, 45, 845. 115-136). has looked at the data segments in the three preceding columns, checked to see whether they covary in some patterned way, and drawn a second-order generalization. ), Gonsiorek, J.
Theoretical Vedanta (/ v e d n t /; Sanskrit: , IAST: Vednta), also Uttara Mms, is one of the six schools of Hindu philosophy.Literally meaning "end of the Vedas", Vedanta reflects ideas that emerged from, or were aligned with, the speculations and philosophies contained in the Upanishads, specifically, knowledge and liberation. New York: Plume. Use of such service is not mandatory for publication in an APA journal. ), Gay and lesbian parents (pp. Among children's adult contacts, those with relatives of their biological mothers were found to be more frequent than those with relatives of nonbiological mothers. A more practical approach, based on current technological capabilities, is the simulation of emotions in conversational agents in order to enrich and facilitate interactivity between human and machine. In C. J. Patterson & A. R. D'Augelli (Eds. Men with cohabiting male partners reported themselves as successfully meeting a variety of parenting challenges. Mucklow, B. M., & Phelan, G. K. (1979). ), Victor, S. B., & Fish, M. C. (1995). A review of data-based studies addressing the effects of homosexual parenting on children's sexual and social functioning.
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