[8], Suggestion can significantly affect pain intensity. Mojtabai R, Olfson M. Major depression in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults: Prevalence and 2-year and 4-year follow-up symptoms. [104] Pain medications can cause paradoxical side effects, such as opioid-induced hyperalgesia (severe pain caused by long-term opioid use). [119][127] Among individuals diagnosed with BPD during adolescence, there appears to be one group in which the disorder remains stable over time and another group in which the individuals move in and out of the diagnosis. All PSC forms are scored the same way, but different cutoff scores have been recommended for some versions. Based on work with mixed aged depression patients, it is recommended that primary care physicians assess the patients' beliefs about depression and provide education about the role of life stressors in causing depression and the importance of activation to recovery (Brown et al., 2007). Although pain is considered to be aversive and unpleasant and is therefore usually avoided, a meta-analysis which summarized and evaluated numerous studies from various psychological disciplines, found a reduction in negative affect. /OPBaseFont2 12 0 R endobj endobj [ 250 0 R 356 0 R ] /Title (Page 48) In the opening scene, Oedipus, worn down by years of wandering blind and hun-gry, arrives at the borders of Athens. >> << /Rotate 0 >> /Resources 313 0 R endobj 105 0 obj 41 0 obj /OPBaseFont3 19 0 R endobj << /Title (Page 8) /Parent 259 0 R /Contents 187 0 R << >> Get Free Sophocles I Oedipus The King Oedipus At Colonus Antigone Textbook and unlimited access to our library by created an account. Whether proactive efforts to replace lost activities can protect against the onset of a depressive episode remains to be examined. [65], With a non-communicative person, observation becomes critical, and specific behaviors can be monitored as pain indicators. For example, chest pain described as extreme heaviness may indicate myocardial infarction, while chest pain described as tearing may indicate aortic dissection. /Type /Page << A summary of Part X (Section10) in Sophocles's The Oedipus Plays. Overall, the most distinguishing symptoms of BPD are pervasive patterns of instability in interpersonal relationships and self-image, alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation of others, along with varying moods and difficulty regulating strong emotional reactions. Sophocles EBook, epub, Tuebl Mobi, Kindle book the hero 's.. Oedipus the King - Oedipus at Colonus notes, Test Prep Materials, and obtain still less that. Both cardiovascular and neurological changes that occur with normal aging or with age-associated diseases appear to increase vulnerability to depression. The integration of patient care and clinical research has been a hallmark of the Department of Psychiatry for more than 30 years. [33], A much smaller number of people are insensitive to pain due to an inborn abnormality of the nervous system, known as "congenital insensitivity to pain". Because the self-critical internal verbalizations also function to provide a rationale for not engaging in future behaviors that are deemed likely to result in failure, the cognition may be negatively reinforced and thus more likely to occur in the future. The PSC was selected as the primary measure of psychosocial functioning for 6-17-year-old children being seen for well-child visits (annual physicals). /Parent 290 0 R /Parent 228 0 R << /OPBaseFont1 11 0 R /Width 1413 endobj >> /Contents 305 0 R >> /OPBaseFont1 11 0 R in Sophocles Oedipus at Colonus Drina Hoevar Universidad de Los Andes, Mrida (Venezuela) Abstract This paper approaches the existential journey of the subject Oedipus from negation to affirmation, from darkness toward light. The term vascular depression was offered as a hypothesis to explain these findings, later supplanted by the term depression-executive dysfunction syndrome of late life in order to encompass dysfunction that may not be exclusively caused by vascular disease (Alexopoulos, 2005). Big Blue Interactive's Corner Forum is one of the premiere New York Giants fan-run message boards. All of these studies showed significant improvements in functioning. >> 5 0 obj ENG2330 Unit II Lecture Outline F18.pdf ENG2330 Unit II Lecture Outline F18.pdf. The Pediatric Symptom Checklist can be filled out by a parent on behalf of a child or by the child (depending on the childs age). The PSC was recently adopted by the California Department of Health Care Services as one of two measures required for all children and adolescents with Medicaid health insurance who receive mental health services. The PSC is a 35-item questionnaire used to measure overall psychosocial functioning in children and adolescents that has been translated into more than two dozen languages, a youth self-report and a brief 17-item versions for parents and youth. Thus, researchers examine developmental causes in addition to childhood trauma. Age differences in depression and anxiety symptoms: A structural equation modelling analysis of data from a general population sample. Oedipus, Bernard knox, 1968, Non-Classifiable, 110 pages Antigone in trilogy Hum 145 at Ateneo de Manila University Free download ( after Free registration ) and! [123], Physical pain is a universal experience, and a strong motivator of human and animal behavior. [84] Their emotional instability has been found to correlate with differences in several brain regions. The death of a family pet can trigger a sense of grief in children that is profound and prolonged, and can potentially lead to subsequent mental health issues. [11] This effect is opposite from the usual negative feedback mechanism presented at lower levels. Of special interest would be to study individuals with early onset depression that did not persist into late life. Journal of Gerontological Nursing. Prevalence estimates of depression in older adults with anxiety disorders range from 25% to more than 80% (Beekman et al., 2000; Schoevers, Beekman, Deeg, Jonker, & van Tilburg, 2003). The first significant psychoanalytic work to use the term "borderline" was written by Adolf Stern in 1938. >> /OPBaseFont1 11 0 R [ 173 0 R 331 0 R ] << /Font << 101 0 obj /Contents 296 0 R >> /Prev 157 0 R Sir Richard Jebb. A particularly tragic potential outcome of depression in late life is suicide. Of the antidepressants, amitriptyline may reduce depression, but mianserin, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, and phenelzine sulfate showed no effect. /Kids [ 101 0 R 104 0 R 108 0 R 111 0 R 114 0 R 117 0 R 120 0 R 123 0 R 126 0 R 129 0 R /OPBaseFont1 11 0 R /Subtype /Type1 /Parent 4 0 R << endobj << /Title (Page 5) /Parent 4 0 R /Contents 249 0 R [ 322 0 R 379 0 R ] /ProcSet 3 0 R [ 210 0 R 343 0 R ] and find homework help for other Oedipus at Colonus questions at eNotes /Contents 246 0 R /OPBaseFont3 19 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 703 572 ] /OPBaseFont3 19 0 R 285 0 obj /OPBaseFont3 19 0 R /Title (Page 25) >> << /Resources 202 0 R /ProcSet 3 0 R /ImagePart_47 155 0 R /Contents 262 0 R /Parent 4 0 R /Type /Font /OPBaseFont0 7 0 R Edipo Coloneo.djvu 1,496 2,342, 164 pages; 1.82 MB. Accessibility [86] A 2012 study found that problems in working memory might contribute to greater impulsivity in people with BPD. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Other studies have used the PSC as a marker to explore the prevalence of psychosocial problems in other pediatric settings, including: These studies have generally confirmed a higher than average prevalence rate of psychosocial problems among poor children and under-recognition and under-referral among poor children (Murphy et al., 2008). The intensity and reactivity of a person's negative affectivity, or tendency to feel negative emotions, predicts BPD symptoms more strongly than does childhood sexual abuse. Diabetes mellitus, glycemic control, and incident depressive symptoms among 70-to 79-year-old persons: The health, aging, and body composition study. If you know what to look for, suicide is often preventable. Lack of treatment among older adults may reflect, in part, the difficulty of detecting depression in older adults, due to age-associated differences in presentation described above. Treatments that combine empirically supported psychological elements with a focus on accessing community resources to address practical problems may be more effective than either approach alone (Aren et al., 2005). The PSC is increasingly being used to assess the impact of interventions by collecting scores after interventions. In one of the few extensions of this work to older adults, Jansson and colleagues (2003) found a significant effect for the A/A genotype of the 5-HTR2A gene promoter polymorphism and depressed mood for older males but not for older females. Download Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) forms below. [citation needed] The biological half-life of LH is 23 hours subcutaneous[7] or terminal half life of 10-12 hours.[8]. Barbour KA, Blumenthal JA. However, the authors found that some medications may impact isolated symptoms associated with BPD or the symptoms of comorbid conditions. [18] A case study on a male patient with borderline personality disorder found IV Ketamine treatments, typically used for treatment unresponsive depression, drastically decreased anxiety, depression, and suicidal behaviors. When problems like these are suspected, the youth self-report version of the PSC or a disorder-specific measure like the Childrens Depression Inventory or the Reynolds Childrens Manifest Anxiety Scale may be more accurate or appropriate (Pagano et al., 1996; Gall et al., 2000; Reynolds & Richman, 1985; Kovacs, 1985). [71], Individual differences in women's estrogen cycles may be related to the expression of BPD symptoms in female patients. [9] BPD is recognized by the American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) as a personality disorder, along with nine other such disorders. [7] The disorder appears to become less common among older people. [188], The coexistence of intense, divergent moods within an individual was recognized by Homer, Hippocrates, and Aretaeus, the latter describing the vacillating presence of impulsive anger, melancholia, and mania within a single person. /XObject << /OPBaseFont1 11 0 R endobj [ 176 0 R 332 0 R ] >> /Type /Page /ImagePart_28 97 0 R /ProcSet 3 0 R >> 66 0 obj /ImagePart_42 140 0 R Here is where his legendary sufferingshis murder of his father, his incestuous marriage to his mother, his betrayal by his sons, his exile from Thebesare fated to end. Contact us if you have any trouble with these forms. We are an Open Access publisher and international conference Organizer. include protected health information. By Sir Richard Jebb Materials, and how transcendence is achieved at the borders Athens Books anytime and anywhere this category, out of 7 total and )!, epub, Tuebl Mobi, Kindle book content and theme of this book and is part of novel. From November 2005, all Hospital Blood Banks and Blood Establishments have been subject to the Blood Safety and Quality Regulations (BSQR, 2005). The effects were large, accounting for 53% of the effect of baseline functional disability on depressive symptoms, and 43% of the effect of change in disability on change in depressive symptoms (Yang, 2006). Gallo JJ, Rabins PV, Lyketsos CG, Tien AY, Anthony JC. [46] Ronald Melzack and Patrick Wall introduced their gate control theory in the 1965 Science article "Pain Mechanisms: A New Theory". Its structure is similar to that of the other glycoprotein hormones, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). We additionally have enough money variant types and plus type of the books to browse. This literature has been criticized for poor quality methodology, including failure to adequately describe the randomization concealment method and blinding procedure, small samples, and poor data analytic techniques (Sjsten & Kivela, 2006). /OPBaseFont0 7 0 R [ 275 0 R 364 0 R ] Sophocles I contains the plays Antigone, translated by Elizabeth Wyckoff; Oedipus the King, translated by David Grene; and Oedipus at Colonus, translated by Robert Fitzgerald. [181] The diagnosis was distinguished from sub-syndromal schizophrenia, which was termed "schizotypal personality disorder". Emotional vulnerability may consist of biological, inherited factors that affect a child's temperament. [134], Regardless that it is an infradiagnosed disorder, a few studies have shown that the "lower expressions" of it might lead to wrong diagnoses. However, "drug treatment may be considered in the overall treatment of comorbid conditions". [69] There have also been associations identified with FKBP5 polymorphisms, rs4713902 and rs9470079 in individuals with BPD. Wrosch C, Schulz R, Miller GE, Lupien S, Dunne E. Physical health problems, depressive mood, and cortisol secretion in old age: Buffer effects of health engagement control strategies. A telephone support and emergency response program that serves a large number of isolated older adults in Italy, many of whom were in frail health, found that suicide rates over a ten year period were lower than expected, suggesting that a reduction of depressive symptoms may have occurred (DeLeo, Dello Buono, & Dwyer, 2002). Like the rings of a tree, teeth contain growth lines that may reveal clues about childhood experiences. Journal of Affective Disorders, 288, p.5057. Wu et al. Nonetheless, in most cases the same risk and protective factors are associated with both. Stems from the fated tragedy that Oedipus would kill his father and his! Copyright 2007-2022. Crowell found that children who are emotionally vulnerable and are exposed to invalidating environments are much more likely to develop BPD if they are also highly impulsive. All rights reserved. The concept of a norm does not necessarily involve the description of the attributes that represent the norm: cognition of the norm may only involve the understanding of "being like", a concrete relation and not an attribute. Elsevier Health, 2005. Schulz R, McGinnis KA, Zhang S, Martire LM, Hebert RS, Beach SR, et al. [132] Nearly 73% meet the criteria for a substance use disorder, and about 40% for PTSD. Comorbid anxiety disorder in late life depression: Association with memory decline over four years. Studies have shown greater improvement, including reduced suicidal ideation, compared to management of depression treatment by the primary care physician alone. 2. Depression may also be caused by infections or malignancies. Sleep disturbance, fatigue, psychomotor retardation, loss of interest in living, and hopelessness about the future may be more prevalent in late-life depression than in depression in younger or middle-aged adults (Christensen et al., 1999). << /Name /OPBaseFont1 << >> /XObject << /Font << endobj /OPBaseFont3 19 0 R 78 0 obj /Parent 4 0 R William Heinemann Ltd.; The Macmillan Company. Although two of the largest and most diverse samples studied to date (Bernal et al., 2000; Kelleher et al., 1998) found that the original recommendation appeared to be optimal (Jellinek et al., 1999), several other studies have suggested the need to determine the optimal cut-off score when new populations are studied. Inward-turning, intropunitive (self-punishing), angry; conforming, deferential, and ingratiating behaviors have deteriorated; increasingly high-strung and moody; possible suicide. [37], Onset of symptoms typically occurs during adolescence or young adulthood, although symptoms suggestive of this disorder can sometimes be observed in children. [62], Families with twins in the Netherlands were participants of an ongoing study by Trull and colleagues, in which 711 pairs of siblings and 561 parents were examined to identify the location of genetic traits that influenced the development of BPD. This handout will talk about different types of self-harm and signs of possible self-harm. [130], There are marked sex differences in the types of comorbid conditions a person with BPD is likely to have[130]a higher percentage of males with BPD meet criteria for substance-use disorders, while a higher percentage of females with BPD meet criteria for PTSD and eating disorders. About 35% of people report marked relief after receiving a saline injection they believed to be morphine. Have survived Sophocles won the contest a total of 24 times, and was not until. [51] These symptoms are sometimes referred to as "pseudo-psychotic" or "psychotic-like", terms that suggest a distinction from those seen in primary psychotic disorders. Rates of suicide among older adults have been declining in the past decade. For example, appetite disturbance secondary to depression is a major cause of weight loss in the elderly, and weight loss is associated with frailty and failure to thrive (Blazer, 2003). They may be reluctant to report pain because they do not want to be perceived as weak, or may feel it is impolite or shameful to complain, or they may feel the pain is a form of deserved punishment. Depression of Alzheimer disease is diagnosed in the presence of three or more symptoms of major depression, not including difficulty concentrating, but including additional nonsomatic symptoms such as irritability and social withdrawal. Singh NA, Stavrinos TM, Scarbek Y, Galambos G, Liber C, Fiatarone Singh MA. Empirical evidence indicates that behavioral therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, cognitive bibliotherapy, problem-solving therapy, brief psychodynamic therapy, and life review/reminiscence therapy are effective but too infrequently used with older adults. 1,656 ; 805 KB chronology of Sophocles: Oedipus at Colonus Antigone Textbook and unlimited access our. You can also access the PSC and score report for free through CNS Vital Signs (requires login). [PMC free article] [Google Scholar] /Prev 96 0 R endobj endobj << >> /XObject << >> endobj /Parent 2 0 R >> Oedipus Antigone Ismene Theseus Creon Polynices Stranger Messenger Various Attendants Chorus of Elders of Colonus Day. The other Cluster B disorders, antisocial, histrionic, and narcissistic, similarly affect about half of BPD patients (lifetime incidence), with again narcissistic affecting one third or more. Because the self-critical internal verbalizations also function to provide a rationale for not engaging in future behaviors that are deemed likely to result in failure, the cognition may be negatively reinforced and thus more likely to occur in the future. Conditions with very low LH secretions include: LH is available mixed with FSH in the form of menotropin, and other forms of urinary gonadotropins. (2020). Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), an evidence-based treatment alternative for depression, is used more often in older adults than in any other age group (Kelly & Zisselman, 2000). The therapist addresses the individual's feelings and goes over situations, real or realistic, that could happen as well as how to approach them.[159].
Borderline personality disorder Although not yet tested, it is conceivable that depressed older adults may be particularly likely to create future problems of an interpersonal nature for themselves (e.g., alienating caregivers), as has been observed among younger depressed individuals (Hammen, 1991). A change in condition that deviates from baseline, such as moaning with movement or when manipulating a body part, and limited range of motion are also potential pain indicators. Physical illnesses, including cancer, seizure disorder, chronic pulmonary disorder, renal failure, vision or hearing impairment, and even incontinence have also been associated with increased risk of suicide in late life, with effects partially but not fully explained by depression (Fiske, O'Riley & Widoe, 2008). "[210] He offers the following explanations regarding these sex discrepancies: The most probable explanation for gender differences in clinical samples is that women are more likely to develop the kind of symptoms that bring patients in for treatment. Oedipus enters the village, led by Antigone and Oedipus Study Guide.pdf Antigone and Oedipus Study Guide.pdf educate. [310] In Western societies, the intentional infliction of severe pain (torture) was principally used to extract confession prior to its abolition in the latter part of the 19th century. Older adults are less likely to endorse affective symptoms and more likely to display cognitive changes, somatic symptoms, and loss of interest than are younger adults. Some components of DBT are working long-term with patients, building skills to understand and regulate emotions, homework assignments, and strong availability of therapist to their client. For example, stressful events that involve threats to competence (e.g., functional and cognitive limitations), which become predominant in late life, may pose special risks for people who more heavily value personal success and control. Call your family doctor if you or a loved one: There is a problem with
slideshare documents. In addition to behavioral activation and cognitive restructuring, which have substantial evidence as treatments for late life depression (reviewed below), interventions that emphasize acceptance rather than personal control, increase flexibility of responses, and combat stereotypes about aging may be effective for certain depressed older adults who present with these vulnerabilities. Prognosis for older adults is equivalent to that for middle aged adults. Genetic risk seems to express itself most strongly earlier in the lifespan rather than later. Finally, dementia may be a risk factor for depression due to psychological reaction to the cognitive and behavioral changes accompanying dementia. Conwell Y, Brent D. Suicide and aging I: Patterns of psychiatric diagnosis. GABA-secreting neurons that innervate GnRH-1 neurons also can stimulate GnRH-1 release. [69][70], Cultural barriers may also affect the likelihood of reporting pain. the unsubscribe link in the e-mail. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted 8 0 obj endobj >> /Count 10 /Resources 233 0 R endobj /Prev 160 0 R /Dest [ 159 0 R /XYZ 0 572 null ] >> /Type /Page Download and Read online Sophocles I Oedipus The King Oedipus At Colonus Antigone ebooks in PDF, epub, Tuebl Mobi, Kindle Book. http://www.cdc.gov/extremeheat/athletes.html.
Dehydration occurs when you use or lose more fluid than you take in, and your body doesn't have enough water and other fluids to carry out its normal functions. Medically used hCG is derived from urine of pregnant women, is less costly, and has a longer half-life than LH. Child Psychiatry ServiceYawkey Building, 6A
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Patients with thyroid disorders are more prone to develop depressive symptoms and conversely depression may be accompanied by various subtle thyroid abnormalities. [217], One 2020 study found that BPD is individually associated with psychological, physical and sexual forms of intimate partner violence (IPV), especially amongst men. [30] Since there is great variety in the types of dysphoria people with BPD experience, the amplitude of the distress is a helpful indicator. [34] These conditions feature decreased sensitivity to pain together with other neurological abnormalities, particularly of the autonomic nervous system. They are distinguishable by the timing and duration of symptoms, which are markedly different: the symptoms of PMDD occur only during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle,[150] whereas BPD symptoms occur persistently at all stages of the menstrual cycle. [206] The researchers found that decreased ability to recall specifics was correlated with patients' levels of dissociation. Naarding et al. The total score indicates whether a child has psychosocial impairment. From 2009: An offensive lineman cant do his job without using his head, one veteran says, but neuropathologists examining the brains of ex-N.F.L. Of these genes, the most studied is APOE4, an established genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. [citation needed], Researchers disagree about whether dissociation, or a sense of emotional detachment and physical experiences, impacts the ability of people with BPD to recall the specifics of past events. Aurbach PS. This means that even minor illnesses, such as infections affecting the lungs or bladder, can result in dehydration in older adults.
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