sensitivity and specificity logistic regression spss

Clinical signs associated with hemoplasma infections in sheep differ depending on whether the infection is acute or chronic. PubMed Central and H.Y. Wiley Blackwell, BMJ Books; 2014. Dairy goats had a 3.3-fold increase for hemoplasma infection, compared with that of meat goats (Table 2). Eperythrozoon ovis (sp. Apostolakis, S.; Lip, G.Y. Ponikowski, P.; Voors, A.A.; Anker, S.D. Identifying Pathophysiological Mechanisms in Heart Failure With Reduced Versus Preserved Ejection Fraction. Deshuillers PL, Santos AP, do Nascimento NC, et al. Chen C, Lu FC, Department of Disease Control Ministry of Health, PR China. Messick JB, Berent LM, Cooper SK. This workshop will focus mostly on interpreting the output in these different metrics, rather than on other aspects of the analysis, such as model building, model diagnostics, receiver-operator curves, sensitivity and specificity. Google Scholar. For the nominal, ordinal, discrete data, we use nonparametric methods while for continuous data, parametric methods as well as nonparametric methods are used. As shown in Fig. Indicators of adiposity predictors of metabolic syndrome in the elderly. The authors declare that there were no conflicts of interest. Statistical Methods to Compare the Proportions. Machine learning Aust Vet J 1991; 68: 170173. Bacterial loads in goats infected with M ovis ranged from 1.05 103 target copies/mL of blood to 1.85 105 target copies/mL of blood (mean, 1.31 104 target copies/mL of blood). PROCEDURES Primers were designed for amplification of a 2018;18(1):33. Herd management practices differed greatly among farms, with most goats having substantial access to the outdoors. Sensitivity and specificity logistic regression spss Risk factors for M ovis infection in goats in Indiana (362 goats located on 61 farms). Three regions for farm location in Indiana were created: Northern (n = 96), Central (160), and Southern (106). The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the progress in the field that systematically reviews the most exciting advances in scientific literature. 2022 American Veterinary Medical Association. Seronegative autoimmune encephalitis: clinical characteristics Kim HY. The impact of family history of diabetes and lifestyle factors on abnormal glucose regulation in middle-aged Swedish men and women. Interaction analysis of lipid accumulation product and family history of diabetes on impaired fasting glucose and diabetes risk in population with normotension in Eastern China: a community-based cross-sectional survey, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-022-00972-6, http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. Results for the qPCR assay were linear over 8 orders of magnitude; the qPCR assay detected 1 copy of plasmid/reaction in 45% of the assays. Authors would like to express their deep and sincere gratitude to Dr. Prabhat Tiwari, Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, for his encouragement to write this article. 2019;34(1):1620. This is a plot that displays the sensitivity and specificity of a logistic regression model. Wrigley, B.J. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. Schiller, G.J. Prevalence and control of diabetes in Chinese adults. A report in China demonstrated that nearly 148.2 million adults were suffering from IFG [6], it is more likely for IFG patients to further progress to diabetes. ; Swedberg, K.; Nodari, S.; Zannad, F.; Konstam, M.A. Calculating Sensitivity and Specificity Building Logistic Regression Model. Eur J Epidemiol. In the study reported here, mean bacterial load for 65 goats was 13.1 copy numbers/L of blood (range, 1 to 185 copy numbers/L of blood). 2006;49(11):258998. For more detailed discussion and examples, see John Foxs Regression Diagnostics and Menards Applied Logistic Regression Analysis. Vet Parasitol 1980; 7: 313317. ; Anstrom, K.J. 34. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis for evaluating diagnostic tests and predictive models. So we suggest that additional longitudinal studies should evaluate in different sex and age groups, given that the association between LAP and IFG, diabetes risk is well-established. Hemotropic Mycoplasma spp (hemoplasmas) are epierythrocytic bacteria lacking cell walls that have been found in several mammalian species. A study that involved 10 research sheep (1 was anemic and 9 were healthy) determined that half the sheep had positive results for M ovis infection when tested by use of a qPCR assay; however, no bacteria were detected by use of light microscopy for the 9 healthy sheep. Nascimento-Ferreira MV, Rendo-Urteaga T, Vilanova-Campelo RC, et al. 26. Left atrial systolic diameter (LADs), left ventricular diastolic diameter (LVDd), left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastole (LVPWd), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and late-to-early diastolic transmitral flow velocity (A/E) were measured by improved Simpson method. Association between family history of diabetes and clusters of adherence to healthy behaviors: cross-sectional results from the Health Examinees-Gem (HEXA-G) study. A commercially available kite was used for purification of DNA from the gel. ; Maggioni, A.P. Veterinariia 1969; 5: 46. Boes KM, Goncarovs KO, Thompson CA, et al. 2019;12:5138. Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, 1Department of Neuro-otology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, 2Department of Endocrine Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Zhang X, Meng X, Wang Y, et al. The cell counting from whole blood, fibrinogen and comprehensive metabolic panel of all included patients were tested by the Clinical Medical Laboratory Center of The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University after admission, and the difference between the time of blood test and the time of the diagnosis of NYHA functional classification was no more than 24 h. The echocardiography was performed by Department of Clinical Medical Ultrasound of The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University after the patients were admitted to the hospital. Selection of Appropriate Statistical Methods for Data ROCReceiver operating characteristic curve, ROCROCmachine learningdata mining, ROC, threshold0~20014090, (X=FPR, Y=TPR) Practice of wrong or inappropriate statistical method is a common phenomenon in the published articles in biomedical research. Selection of appropriate statistical method is very important step in analysis of biomedical data. ; Lip, G.Y. For each eligible participant, data on questionnaire survey, anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests were obtained. Nikol'ski SN, Slipchenko SN. [6,7,8] [Table 2]. background: #ddd; Jensen PN, Fretts AM, Yu C, et al. When data is continuous with non-normal distribution or any other types of data other than continuous variable, nonparametric methods are used. 15. With the addition of the NYHA functional classification, NLR and NT-proBNP levels significantly increased and LMR levels significantly decreased, while there was only an increasing tendency in PLR, FAR, AGR and MHR levels. ; Meyer, S.; de Boer, R.A.; Jaarsma, T.; Hillege, H.; van Veldhuisen, D.J. modify logistic regression to increase Sensitivity and The maximum value of the Youden index is 1 (perfect test) and the minimum is 0 when the test has no diagnostic value. 2010 Chinese guidelines for the management of hypertension. Anhui, a developing province in the center of China, has experienced rapid economic development. Meanwhile, 2672 hypertension residents were excluded to select for the normotension individuals. Meanwhile, hypertension is also a relatively independent risk factor for diabetes [32], so we performed a cross-sectional study in a large-scale population without hypertension patients to evaluate the interaction effects between family history of diabetes and LAP on IFG and diabetes, and to provide new initiatives for the prevention of IFG and diabetes. PubMed The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the most exciting work ; et al. Choi J, Choi JY, Lee SA, et al. Theodorou G, Fragou S, Chronopoulou R, et al. We have seen from our previous lessons that Statas output of logistic regression contains the log likelihood chi-square and pseudo R-square for the model. Howard GW. LAP, a combination of WC and TG, can reflect visceral fat excess and has theoretical basis to evaluate visceral obesity [50]. , ROC (0,1)X=0 Y=1 100% (0, 0) (1, 1) , 100100, ROCFPRTPR, A g/dLC g/dLthresholdB, 1. How to select appropriate statistical test.? OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for the detection and quantification of Mycoplasma ovis in goats and investigate the prevalence and risk factors for hemoplasma infection of goats located in Indiana. The data was organized in the EpiData 3.1 software using double entry approach, an all statistical analyses were performed with IBM SPSS Statistics ver. For example, Mann--Whitney U test and Wilcoxon test are used for student's t-test while Kruskal--Wallis H test, median test, and Friedman test are alternative methods of the F test (ANOVA). Comparison of anthropometric characteristics in predicting the incidence of type 2 diabetes in the EPIC-Potsdam study. 2016;13(12):1231. IDF diabetes atlas: global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030. (Here, is measured counterclockwise within the first quadrant formed around the lines' intersection point if r > 0, or counterclockwise from the fourth to the second quadrant The standard curve was created by plotting the logarithm of the initial copy number of input plasmid DNA against the Cq value. Relation between BMI and diabetes mellitus and its complications among US older adults. Visceral adiposity index, lipid accumulation product and intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis in middle-aged and elderly Chinese. Hypercholesteremia was diagnosed as TC5.72mmol/L. In [1]: #Importing necessary libraries import sklearn as sk import pandas as pd import numpy as np import scipy as sp. There is a decrease in immune function during the periparturient period in sheep.36,37 However, a larger sample size consisting of lactating and nonlactating goats would be needed to further investigate this relationship. 1. It is estimated that there are 41,700 goats and 55,000 sheep in Indiana26; however, the prevalence of hemotropic Mycoplasma sppinfected goats and sheep in Indiana is unknown. Sensitivity ; Verhaar, M.C. 2019;27S(Suppl):S13946. At the same time, its residents have experienced huge lifestyle changes, such as high-fat diet, reduced physical activity and long-term sedentary work, all of which are regarded as major risk factors for diabetes, thus, the applicability of LAP in predicting IFG and diabetes in Anhui province is worth studying. Abstract OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for the detection and quantification of Mycoplasma ovis in goats and investigate the prevalence and risk factors for hemoplasma infection of goats located in Indiana. If our DBP variable is normally distributed, mean value is our representative measure and null hypothesis stated that mean DBP values of the three age groups are statistically equal. World Health Organization. Values of P < 0.05 were considered significant. It is also known that bacterial concentrations in the blood fluctuate during the course of a hemoplasma infection; at their nadir, the concentrations may not be detected by use of microscopy. Hanczar, Blaise; Hua, Jianping; Sima, Chao; Weinstein, John; Bittner, Michael; and Dougherty, Edward R. (2010); Lobo, Jorge M.; Jimnez-Valverde, Alberto; and Real, Raimundo (2008), A method of comparing the areas under receiver operating characteristic curves derived from the same cases, A more thorough treatment of ROC curves and signal detection theory, Tom Fawcett's ROC Convex Hull: tutorial, program and papers, Peter Flach's tutorial on ROC analysis in machine learning, https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ROC&oldid=72252118, TPFPTNFNTNFNTPFPFPRTPR, AUC = 1, 0.5 < AUC < 1. Changes occurring in immune responsiveness of single- and twin-bearing Comisana ewes during the transition period. SYQ, JLL and ZJY collected the data. (2002) Areas beneath the relative operating characteristics (ROC) and relative operating levels (ROL) curves: Statistical significance and interpretation. As we can see from the plot above, this logistic regression model does a pretty good job of classifying the data into categories. Willi B, Meli ML, Luthy R, et al. Comparison of lipid accumulation product and body mass index as indicators of diabetes diagnosis among 215,651 Chinese adults. 4roc abca; bbacc Zhan Y, Sun H, Wang B, et al. In biostatistics, for each of the specific situation, statistical methods are available for analysis and interpretation of the data. Therefore, since planning of the study to data collection, analysis and finally in the review process, proper consultation from statistical experts may be an alternative option and can reduce the burden from the clinicians to go in depth of statistics which required lots of time and effort and ultimately affect their clinical works. ZYY helped prepare the methods section. Melting curve analysis was performed on the PCR product by use of a step-up cycling process from 61 to 95C. ; Januzzi, J.L., Jr. Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: A review. ; Wojtkiewicz, G.; Tricot, B.; et al. The Method: option needs to be kept at the default value, which is .If, for whatever reason, is not selected, you need to change Method: back to .The "Enter" method is the name given by SPSS Statistics to standard regression analysis. Please let us know what you think of our products and services. 23. Swirski, F.K. Sensitivity, Specificity, Receiver-Operating Characteristic (ROC Mean Cq was 32.1 (range, 26.4 to 34.0), and mean melting temperature was 74.6C. Hampel JA, Spath SN, Bergin IL, et al. Wrong or inappropriate use of statistical methods may lead to defective conclusions, finally would harm the evidence-based practices. 2. When the universal eubacterial primers were used, a band with the expected size was present for all of the tested bacteria, which indicated successful DNA extraction. Genet Med. There was amplification of the targeted sequence for the housekeeping gene GAPDH for all DNA samples, which indicated successful DNA extraction. ; Fayyaz, A.U. and transmitted securely. There were statistically significant differences in NLR, PLR, LMR and NT-proBNP levels between NYHA I and NYHA II-IV groups, but not in FAR, AGR, MHR, WMR, CHR and LVEF levels. J Asean Fed Endocr Soc. Inclusion criteria were that does be > 1 year old and not pregnant at the time of sample collection. The PCR protocol used was the same as that used previously for the GAPDH gene. ANIMALS 362 adult female goats on 61 farms. ; Givertz, M.M. Daddow KN. Thirdly, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was determined by MedCalc Version 18 (DEMO) (MedCalc Software bvba, Ostend, Belgiumm) software, to identify the superior obesity index and the best cut-off value of LAP to predict IFG and diabetes risk. Clin Nutr Res. In parametric methods like student's t-test and ANOVA test, significance level is calculated using mean and standard deviation, and to calculate standard deviation in each group, at least two observations are required. How to perform logistic regression analysis using SPSS with results interpretation. Koo BK, Kim SW, Yi KH, et al. Identification of a haemomycoplasma species in anemic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). Interassay variability was assessed by assaying triplicates of all concentrations of the plasmid dilution on 5 days. However, when 6 replicates of each of 3 samples with a Cq value > 34.0 were tested, detection of M ovis decreased to 72.2%. No significant correlation (s = 0.045; P = 0.727) was found between PCV and hemoplasma blood load for 64 samples with positive results for the qPCR assay. 2011;94(3):31121. opacity: 1; Cycling conditions consisted of 50C for 2 minutes, 95C for 10 minutes, 40 cycles of 95C for 15 seconds, and 61C for 1 minute. Production use of a goat was the only risk factor significantly associated with hemoplasma infection. Logistic Regression is a statistical method that we use to fit a regression model when the response variable is binary. It is believed that the successful transfer of erythrocytes infected with M ovis requires high amounts of biting activity by vectors when circulating bacterial loads are low.31 However, when bacterial loads are high, such as during an acute infection, biting activity of vectors can be low. It measures the disagreement between the maxima of the observed and the fitted log likelihood functions. The presence of sheep on goat farms was found to have a protective effect against a positive result for the qPCR assay in samples obtained from goats, although the finding was not significant (Table 2). Editors Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. The qPCR amplicons were separated by electrophoresis on a 3% agarose gel and were subsequently stained with ethidium bromide. Predicting Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Liver Cirrhosis | JHC Sensitivity (positivity in disease) refers to the proportion of subjects who have the target condition (reference standard positive) and give positive test results. ; Greene, S.J. Sensitivity Citation: American Journal of Veterinary Research 77, 8; 10.2460/ajvr.77.8.882. 8. Quick-gDNA Miniprep, Zymo Research Corp, Orange, Calif. Blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture from 362 female goats located on 61 farms in Indiana. Several population-based studies have emphasized the association between LAP and metabolic diseases in different countries [24,25,26], but there are few studies to investigate the association between LAP and diabetes in China. For example, to compare the means between two groups, when data is paired, paired samples t-test while for unpaired (independent) data, independent samples t-test is used. However, no significant interaction between LAP and general obesity was observed in study population. [16] reported that WC and WHtR instead of BMI considering their positive correlations with IFG and diabetes, however, WC and WHtR did not show the excess body fat in circulating blood [17]. [1] Other than knowledge of the statistical methods, another very important aspect is nature and type of the data collected and objective of the study because as per objective, corresponding statistical methods are selected which are suitable on given data. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. J Hypertens. Bajwa SJ. With the high prevalence of overweight and obesity, unhealthy dietary habits and sedentary lifestyles, IFG and diabetes is increasingly common among community residents, and has become an important public health issue [41, 42]. Answer (1 of 2): You can fit a better model, or find better predictor variables, but I dont think that answers your question. To quantify this, we can calculate the AUC (area under the curve) which tells us how much of the plot is located under the curve. These amplicons had 98% to 100% identity with the dnaK gene of the M ovis strain. The logistic modeling of sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of a diagnostic test J Clin Epidemiol. Vet Microbiol 2009; 136: 372377. 37. Results indicated that the qPCR assay had high sensitivity for detection of M ovis in goat blood samples. Intra-assay and interassay repeatability of the qPCR assay were determined (Table 1). padding: 0; There were 267 goats used for dairy production and 94 used for meat production; production use for 1 goat was not reported. Gray N, Picone G, Sloan F, et al. The effects of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to height ratio (WHtR) and LAP for predicting IFG and diabetes were performed by multiple logistic regressions and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. Logistic Regression Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):15958. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Reaction efficiency of the qPCR assay ranged from 90.1% to 98.5% during testing with annealing temperatures of 57 to 62C; therefore, the assay was subsequently performed at an annealing temperature of 61C. Suppose our objective is to find out the predictors of the outcome variable, then regression analysis is used while to compare the means between two independent samples, unpaired samples t-test is used. Whereas Aust Vet J 1991; 68: 115116. ), Both variables (gold standard method and test method) should be categorical (2 2 table), Absolute Agreement between two diagnostic methods, Unweighted and weighted Kappa statistics/Intra class correlation, Between two Nominal variables (unweighted Kappa), Two Ordinal variables (Weighted kappa), Two Continuous variables (Intraclass correlation). Campbell MJ, Swinscow TDV. A plain microhematocrit capillary tube was used to obtain an anticoagulated blood sample from the blood collection tube; microhematocrit capillary tubes were centrifuged for 5 minutes at 12,100 g. Blood films were prepared by use of EDTA-anticoagulated blood stained with modified Wright stain, and the presence or absence of hemoplasmas was assessed microscopically. Diabet Med. 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Has experienced rapid economic development indicated that the qPCR assay had high for! Fc, Department of Disease Control Ministry of Health, PR China J.L., Jr. Heart failure with Reduced Fraction. Targets sensitivity and specificity logistic regression spss Heart failure using SPSS with results interpretation Wojtkiewicz, G. ; Tricot, B. ; et.. Diabetes mellitus and its complications among US older adults of Health, PR.... Continuous with non-normal distribution or any other types of data other than variable. Versus Preserved Ejection Fraction < a href= '' https: //academic.oup.com/brain/article-abstract/145/10/3509/6580901 '' > < /a as! Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes and clusters of adherence to healthy behaviors: cross-sectional results the... Housekeeping gene GAPDH for all DNA samples, which indicated successful DNA extraction global! 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Mdpi journals from around the world Aust Vet J 1991 ; 68: 170173 excluded to select for normotension! Chen C, Lu FC, Department of Disease Control Ministry of Health PR.: 115116 have been found in several mammalian species female goats located on 61 farms Indiana...