[CBSE 2011] [CBSE 2009] Question 24. 10-7. Potassium Carbonate [112] Concentrations can also vary in time as brines are fluids that are changeable and mobile.[112]. [51], When used as a flux for welding or soldering, metallic lithium promotes the fusing of metals during the process[160] and eliminates the forming of oxides by absorbing impurities. Particularly sensitive species are found in the mayfly genera Heptagenia (Heptageniidae), Ephemerella (Ephemerellidae) and Paraleptophlebia (Leptophlebiidae) and the stonefly families Leuctridae and Perlidae. Visual accumulation of filamentous green algae in near-shore zone of many lakes and in some streams. Lithium (medication The water may be considered safe for human consumption. Water containing these minerals is known as "hard water". [83], Sodium chloride is the principal source of sodium in the diet, and is used as seasoning and preservative in such commodities as pickled preserves and jerky; for Americans, most sodium chloride comes from processed foods. These conditions may be caused by genetic factors, ageing, or prolonged vomiting or diarrhea. When this compound is left in the open for some time, it becomes a solid mass and cannot be used for moulding purposes. Many other lithium compounds are used as reagents to prepare organic compounds. For many stream species, prolonged periods of pH <5 are likely to be lethal, resulting in significant changes in species composition and diversity. Example of an acidic stream due to mine drainage. Order Number: 03-659 [72][73] Lasers emitting light at the sodium D line are used to create artificial laser guide stars that assist in the adaptive optics for land-based visible-light telescopes. [81] Another heat transfer application is poppet valves in high-performance internal combustion engines; the valve stems are partially filled with sodium and work as a heat pipe to cool the valves. Different species flourish within different ranges of pH, with the optima for most aquatic organisms falling between pH 6.5-8. The solutions contain the coordination complex (Na(NH3)6)+, with the positive charge counterbalanced by electrons as anions; cryptands permit the isolation of these complexes as crystalline solids. It is also called Carbonate of potash, or Dipotassium carbonate or Pearl ash. Question 2. (ii) Gypsum (CaSO4. [6] As described by NSF/ANSI Standard 44,[7] ion-exchange devices reduce the hardness by replacing magnesium and calcium (Mg2+ and Ca2+) with sodium or potassium ions (Na+ and K+). [18] Metallic sodium was first produced commercially in the late 19th century[37] by carbothermal reduction of sodium carbonate at 1100C, as the first step of the Deville process for the production of aluminium:[56][57][58], The high demand for aluminium created the need for the production of sodium. Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. Question 28. Answer: sodium citrate/citric acid will decrease the level or effect of mycophenolate by increasing gastric pH. Question 7. Loss of sensitive species of minnows and dace (e.g., fathead minnow and blacknose dace); in some waters, decreased reproductive success of lake trout and walleye, which are important sport fish species in some areas. In order to handle them properly, it is very important to gain knowledge of acids, bases and salts. Write equation for the reaction that may take place for the same. In 2020, Australia granted Major Project Status (MPS) to the Finniss Lithium Project for a strategically important lithium deposit: an estimated 3.45 million tonnes (Mt) of mineral resource at 1.4 percent lithium oxide. [99], In humans, unusually low or high sodium levels in the blood is recognized in medicine as hyponatremia and hypernatremia. [4] Hard water contains calcium or magnesium ions that form insoluble salts upon reacting with soap, leaving a coating of insoluble stearates on tub and shower surfaces, commonly called soap scum.[4][5]. Client:Client Name Similar claims for magnetic water treatment are not considered to be valid. So choosing the correct study material requires a lot of understanding of the current CBSE syllabus. Lithium extraction can be fatal to aquatic life due to water pollution. Magnesium concentrations greater than 125 mg/l may have a laxative effect on some people. PhoenixAMD International Inc Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH .It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a single covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge.It is an important but usually minor constituent of water.It functions as a base, a ligand, a nucleophile, and a catalyst.The hydroxide ion forms salts, some of which dissociate in aqueous solution, Write which solution has more hydrogen ion concentration among the three and state the nature acidic or basic of each solution. [82], In humans, sodium is an essential mineral that regulates blood volume, blood pressure, osmotic equilibrium and pH. The following notes apply to this sample: Submitted by: __________________________Laboratory Manager, John Doe Taxa sensitive to high pH (e.g., perciform fishes) may decrease, while more tolerant taxa (e.g., cypriniform fishes, Cladophora) may increase. [CBSE 2010] Marble, Limestone and baking soda have carbonates which produces CO2 gas. Write its chemical name and formulae. Answer: Pp. Elevated fluoride levels also may cause skeletal damage and bone disease. For example, nitrification and respiration both produce hydrogen ions, so nutrient concentrations may play a significant role in pH dynamics. Why do doctors suggest use of powder/tooth paste to prevent tooth decay? Applies only to oral form of both agents. Calcium and magnesium are the main contributors to water hardness. They neutralise the acid formed in mouth which causes tooth decay. 23. About Our Coalition - Clean Air California (i) The solution with pH 6 is acidic while the solution with pH 8 is basic. Sodium chloride is recognized as an extinguishing medium because of its chemical stability, however it is hydroscopic (has the property of attracting and holding water molecules on the surface of the salt crystals) and must be kept absolutely dry to be used safely as an extinguishing agent. Natron historically had several important industrial and household uses, later eclipsed by other sodium compounds. Example of a detailed conceptual model diagram forHigh pH. You are given two solutions A and B. Question 15. As early as 1860, Kirchhoff and Bunsen noted the high sensitivity of a sodium flame test, and stated in Annalen der Physik und Chemie:[46]. Containers previously used for bleach, soap or other substances will contaminate the water sample. It will react violently with water, as noted previously, and with any extinguishing agent that contains water. When this compound is left in the open for some time, it becomes a solid mass and cannot be used for moulding purposes. Saarikoski J, Viluksela M (1981) Influence of pH on the toxicity of substituted phenols to fish. Taxa sensitive to low pH (e.g., certain mayfly and stonefly taxa) may decrease, while more tolerant taxa (e.g., tipulids, megalopterans, spike rushes) may increase. (i) Priyanka cried because the bee injected an acid while stinging which caused pain and irritation. Which of the following statements is correct about an aqueous solution of an acid and of a base? Heating the test tube will increase the rate of formation of hydrogen gas as heating the reaction mixture increases the rate of reaction. Question 13. The disadvantages include that the calcite crystals are not avoided or removed from the water such that areas where water evaporates will still show deposits. Although the EPA cannot force private well owners to comply with the EPA guidelines, the agencys maximum contaminant levels can serve as a reference for safe drinking water. S.P.L. (ii) Explain, why aqueous solution of an acid conducts electricity? [91] It has been estimated that such a decrease in sodium intake would lead to between 9 and 17% fewer cases of hypertension. For example, sodium hydroxide (NaOH). (a) Identify the most acidic and most basic solutions. Suddenly the cricket ball hit the honeycomb due to which a large number of honey-bees started flying here and there. An upper limit of 250 mg/l has been set for chloride ions, although noticing the taste at this level is difficult, and even higher concentrations do not appear to cause adverse health effects. 2NaCl + H2O + CO2(g) (i) Identify the compound. Lithium Dry HCl gas: No action Identity X, Y, G and Z. Homemade Laundry Detergent Question 30. Consider listing high pH as a candidate cause when the following sources and activities, site evidence, and biological effects are present: Mine wastes/historic mine sites: Coal mining is a well known source of low pH, particularly where sulfur-bearing rock is present. The primary target audience are homeowners with their own water supply but it is also used by people on public water supplies. Since Y reacts with a gas to give a carbonate, the gas is CO2 and the carbonate is CaCO3. Studying this Exemplar Solution will help you to gain new knowledge of Acids, Bases and Salts. Answer: Answer: Also available athttps://www.ndsu.edu/agriculture/ag-hub/ag-topics/natural-resources-and-facilities/water/home-water, 4102 2nd Ave. W. () hydrochloric acid reacts with caustic soda. Turbidity is a measure of suspended minerals, bacteria, plankton, and dissolved organic and inorganic substances. Answer: (b) If a solution changes the colour of litmus from red to blue, what can you say about its pH? Started using this soap last April (2017) when I bought my new washer/dryer and it lasted until the first week of April (2018), making this very economical. 8. Lime contains Hydroxide which will not produce CO2. Owner: John Doe elements from piping systems, they have to maintain the pH above 9 to be effective. Explain your answer. Answer: Of the EPT taxa, Ephemeroptera (mayflies) are generally most sensitive and Plecoptera (stoneflies) are generally most tolerant. High pH levels occur when hydroxide ion concentrations are high and hydrogen ions are scarce. 43. The results reported for nitrates can be confusing because they may be reported as nitrogen (N) or nitrate-nitrogen or as nitrate (NO3). Reverse osmosis uses an applied pressure gradient across a semipermeable membrane to overcome osmotic pressure and remove water molecules from the solution with hardness ions.
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