The region is mostly mountainous and forested. Lets hope the big powers are finally listening. Over the next two years (19181920), there were a series of short wars between Armenia and Azerbaijan over several regions, including Karabakh. As a result, a ceasefire was reached on 12 May 1994 through Russian mediation. A Soviet proposal for enhanced autonomy for Nagorno-Karabakh within Azerbaijan satisfied neither side and a full-scale war subsequently erupted between Azerbaijan and Nagorno-Karabakh, with the latter receiving support from Armenia. Apparently, the civilians attempted to enter the area now under Azeri military control. The territory of modern Nagorno-Karabakh forms a portion of the historic region of Karabakh, which lies between the rivers Kura and Araxes, and the modern Armenia-Azerbaijan border. [68][69][70][71] According to Armenia's former president, Levon Ter-Petrossian, the Karabakh leadership approach was maximalist and "they thought they could get more. Unless the worlds big powers act, the fragile ceasefire is unlikely to hold. Armenian aggressive posture in Nagorno-Karabakh - Azeriobserver Nagorno . Nagorno Karabakh Observer - Home | Facebook 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war - Wikipedia Today the Autonomy and seven surrounding regions are . Bournoutian writes that in the 5 mahals (districts) that would later form Nagorno-Karabakh, Armenians constituted 97% of the population in 1823. 53 talking about this. [citation needed] By May 1994, the Armenians were in control of 14% of the territory of Azerbaijan. Independent observer and archive of military and official events in and around Mountainous Karabakh, Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Nagorno Karabakhs Farukh village and surrounding heights come under Azeri control, Bulgarian-produced 60mm mortars reportedly target Nagorno Karabakh village, Russia accuses Azerbaijan of violating the ceasefire with 2 combat drones, Armenia fails to secure its borders after Karabakhi territories ceded to Azerbaijan after the war, Video showing ethnic Armenian troops executed with hands tied behind their backs by Azeri troops, Four civilians killed by anti-tank mine in Azeri controlled Fuzuli district, UPDATED Russian Orlan-10 UAVs spotted near Karintak-Shushi, Azeri reports of Armenian officer captured in Nagorno Karabakh, Live-fire military simulations in Nagorno Karabakh, Azeri defence minister inaugurates military base near line-of-contact in Chaykend, Lorry damaged by mine, not 60mm mortar shell near line-of-contact, Azeri Defence officials comment on third road from Armenia to Karabakh, An updated map of Tagavard village, Nagorno Karabakh shows around 38 homes demolished, New Armenia-Azerbaijan border dispute: 3 villages and gold, copper, silver and molybdenum deposits, GEOLOCATED Turkey hosts special forces drills with Georgia, Azerbaijan and Nakhichevan (sic) troops near Ankara, A brief overview about the mine and UXO situation in Nagorno Karabakh. Gunzenhausen is a town in the Weienburg-Gunzenhausen district, in Bavaria, Germany. Ilham Aliyev signed a landmark agreementthe first such agreement in 15 yearspledging to intensify efforts toward a resolution of the conflict over the Nagorno-Karabakh region. 62/243 which "demands the immediate, complete and unconditional withdrawal of all Armenian forces from all occupied territories of the Republic of Azerbaijan". Karabakhi authorites provided photos of the damage, as well as that of an exploded mortar shell. ", "The role of Nagorno-Karabakh in the shaping of Armenian and Azeri identity", Articles and Photography on Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh) from UK Photojournalist Russell Pollard, All UN Security Council resolutions on Nagorno-Karabakh, courtesy U.S. State department, Nagorno-Karabakh Agreement of 2 November 2008, Article on the 10 December Referendum from Russia Profile, The conflict over the Nagorno-Karabakh region dealt with by the OSCE Minsk Conference, Independence of Kosovo and the Nagorno-Karabakh Issue, Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty. Vineyards, orchards, and mulberry groves for silkworms are developed in the valleys. [92], On 2 April 2016 Azerbaijani and Armenian forces again clashed in the region. Nagorno-Karabakh - The Trenchant Observer Does armenia recognize nagorno karabakh? Explained by FAQ Blog [44][45][46] However, its new status was only confirmed following the outcome of the Russo-Persian War (1804-1813), when through the loss in the war, Persia formally ceded Karabakh to the Russian Empire per the Treaty of Gulistan (1813),[47][48][49][50] before the rest of Transcaucasia was incorporated into the Empire in 1828 by the Treaty of Turkmenchay, which came as an outcome of the Russo-Persian War (1826-1828). Aliyev laid out a number of demands for a ceasefire, reiterating parts of . The part near the indentation of the kidney bean itself is a relatively flat valley, with the two edges of the bean, the districts of Martakert and Martuni, having flatlands as well. In the post-Soviet power vacuum, military action between Azerbaijan and Armenia was heavily influenced by the Russian military. Two separate videos were shared by a pro-Azeri user on Telegram,Continue Reading, On 28 November, four Azeri civilians were killed when their Toyota vehicle exploded on two anti-tank mines at Ashaghi Seyidahmedli, Fuzuli District, recently taken over by the Azerbaijan military. Earlier, Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan has repeatedly stated that after the Nagorno-Karabakh hostilities of autumn 2020, his cabinet is ready to usher in an era of peace in the region. Landscape version of the Flipboard logo . This is the first notification stating the downing of a drone in Karabakh since the war. Miller, Donald E. and Lorna Touryan Miller. [82] The 11th session of the summit of the Organization of the Islamic Conference held on 1314 March 2008 in Dakar adopted resolution No. On 10 August 1920, Armenia signed a preliminary agreement with the Bolsheviks, agreeing to a temporary Bolshevik occupation of these areas until final settlement would be reached. [64] On 7 July 1988, the European Parliament passed a resolution that condemned the violence employed against Armenian demonstrators in Azerbaijan, and supported the demand of the Armenians for reunification with the Soviet Republic of Armenia. The British command provisionally affirmed Khosrov bey Sultanov (appointed by the Azerbaijani government) as the governor-general of Karabakh and Zangezur, pending a final decision by the Paris Peace Conference. A Summary of the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict | Warsaw Institute The spokesperson for the countrys Defence Ministry, Artsrun Hovhannisyan, published four pictures of a Tor M2KM anti-air defence system on Facebook being offloaded during nocturnal hours. [75] Between fifteen and twenty-five hundred Afghan mujahideen, along with fighters from Chechnya, participated in the fighting on Azerbaijan's side,[63] as well heavy artillery and tanks provided to Armenia by Russia. Turkeys involvement in the Nagorno-Karabakh flare-up has been wholly unhelpful. Although President Emmanuel Macron may believe otherwise, France, even as the EUs representative, has limited leverage. .", "Armenia | Geography, Population, Map, Religion, & History", Abbas-gulu Aga Bakikhanov. In the 5th century, the first-ever Armenian school was opened on the territory of modern Nagorno-Karabakh at Amaras Monastery by the efforts of St. Mesrop Mashtots, the inventor of the Armenian alphabet. Since the end of the war in 1994, representatives of the governments of Armenia and Azerbaijan have been holding peace talks mediated by the OSCE Minsk Group on the region's disputed status. The fighting was further characterized by the use of drones whose footage helped fuel an extensive information war on social media. Nagorno-Karabakh, often tagged as frozen conflict for more than a decade, has become a boiling point of tension following the April 2016 violence, with repeated cease-fire violations. But without concerted, persistent international pressure for a full and final settlement, the Nagorno-Karabakh time-bomb will keep ticking. The deal, signed between the two sides in 2017, included the the purchase of ten two-seater, single-engine MFI-17 Mushshak training aircraft. The confrontation between the Azeris and the police near Askeran degenerated into the Askeran clash, which left two Azeris dead, one of them allegedly killed by an Azeri police officer, as well as 50 Armenian villagers and an unknown number of Azeris and police injured. Rather than mediate between close neighbours, its president, Recep Tayyip Erdoan, offered unlimited support to his Azeri allies against Armenia. One year on, two Johns Hopkins SAIS organizations the Global Security and Conflict Management Club and the Central Asia and Caucasus Club organized a panel of experts to review the war's aftermath. In 1822, 9 years after it passed from Iranian to Russian control, the Karabakh Khanate was dissolved and the area became part of the Elisabethpol Governorate within the Russian Empire. Nagorno-Karabakh - The Trenchant Observer Approximately one hour later, de facto military authorities in Nagorno Karabkah (NK) published a statement refutingContinue Reading, In response to the recent statements by the de facto Nagorno Karabakh (NK) authorities about the construction of a third road into the territory, Azeri defence officials released a statement on 11 June, which stressed that as a result of successful operations between 2016-2018 roads leading into Nagorno Karabakh fromContinue Reading, An updated map of Tagavard village, Nagorno Karabakh, with its western half under Azeri military control and eastern under Karabakhi since the 2020 ceasefire, shows around 38 homes demolished. Human Rights Developments, Sovereignty after Empire. The Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, Explained - The SAIS Observer Amid the heightened tensions, clashes once again broke out on September 27. The conflagration has been especially revealing of the extent to which Russia still exerts influence in what post-Soviet leaders like to call their near abroad. John Noble, Michael Kohn, Danielle Systermans. As a result, a new border dispute arose between theContinue Reading, Amateur footage from 15 December suggests ethnic Armenian prisoners of war (either servicemen from de facto Karabakh or Armenia) were executed by Azeri troops execution-style at an unspecified location and time, most likely during the 2020 Nagorno Karabakh war. Powered by WordPress. [19][20] At the time the population of Artsakh and Utik consisted of Armenians and several Armenized tribes. At around 16:00 hours on 24 March 2022, reports emerged of Azeri troops overrunning Farukh village in Nagorno Karabakh. Accusing the Azerbaijani SSR government of conducting forced Azerification of the region, the majority Armenian population, with ideological and material support from the Armenian SSR, started a movement to have the autonomous oblast transferred to the Armenian SSR. Nagorno-Karabakh in its modern borders is part of the larger region of Upper Karabakh. Kavkaz Kartal-21) military drills in which the special forces of Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan and Nakhichevan (separately mentioned from Azerbaijan) took part. Putins backing for Alexander Lukashenko, who stole Augusts presidential election, has fed anti-Russian sentiment in Minsk. Even the name "Karabakh" is avoided as a location and referred to Artsakh as the "zone where peacekeepers are stationed". 7 October 2020. [17] King Tigran the Great of Armenia (ruled from 95 to 55 BC) founded in Artsakh one of four cities named "Tigranakert" after himself. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Last weeks decision by Britain and leading EU countries to recall their ambassadors is a measure of Putins isolation. Judging by the photos, NK Observer expertsContinue Reading, Nagorno Karabakh defence officials report that Azerbaijan used combat drones against their positions along the western segment of the new line-of-contact, posting photos of what appear to be a Turkish-produced Kargu drone. oc-media.org - Ani Avetisyan. The event was overseen by NK defence head Jalal Harutyunyan, accompanied by his counterpart, Chief of Staff ofContinue Reading, On 19 June, officials at Azerbaijans Defence Ministry revealed the opening of a new military base along the east-west section of the line-of-contact (northern segment for Nagorno Karabkah), between Azerbaijan and Nagorno Karabakh; the event was headed by defence minister Zakir Hasanov. Yet it is also a response to economic troubles and growing political opposition at home. It has tall mountain ridges along the northern edge and along the west and mountainous south. Cereal grains are grown, and cattle, sheep, and pigs are kept. For the de facto independent state formerly named Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, see. The region was acquired by Russia in 1813, and in 1923 the Soviet government established it as an Armenian-majority autonomous oblast of the Azerbaijan S.S.R. This village of 100 inhabitants lies around 2 km from the new 2020 ceasefire line-of-contact that separates Azeri and Karabakhi Armenian forces; it sits just below a major ridgeline considered aContinue Reading Serzh Sarkisyan, who was born in Nagorno-Karabakh, and Azerbaijani Pres. 22/05/2022. Hewsen, Robert H. "The Kingdom of Artsakh", in T. Samuelian & M. Stone, eds. [86][87] The resolution states in particular that "the occupied Azerbaijani regions around Nagorno-Karabakh must be cleared as soon as possible". According to Sentinel Hub maps, the Azeri side demolished the homes between 2 and 12 July 2021. [93][94], On 27 September 2020, a new war erupted in Nagorno-Karabakh and the surrounding territories. The official. During the rule of the Soviet Union, the YevlakhAghdamStepanakert line connected the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region with the main part of Azerbaijan. Putin miscalculated by offering personal support to the president of Kyrgyzstan, another former Soviet republic, shortly before protesters brought down the countrys government. Furthermore, both the Armenian and Azerbaijani military employed a large number of mercenaries from Ukraine and Russia. It also put an equal sign between unresolved security and humanitarian issues (including our POWs still in Baku). Urartian inscriptions (9th7th centuries BC) use the name Urtekhini for the region. occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh, Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic, abolished the status of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast, Prague Process (ArmenianAzerbaijani negotiations), Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement, Russian peacekeeping forces in Nagorno-Karabakh, Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast Demography, Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations, List of active separatist movements in Europe, "Official Statistics of the NKR. Later duringContinue Reading, De facto authorities in Nagorno Karabakh (NK) revealed military drills this past week, from 22-26 June at the Tigranakert training ground with the participation of high-ranking officials from Armenia besides local authorities. What about Artsakh/Nagorno-Karabakh? The railway at the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic still operates, but it is separated from the main Azerbaijani lines, and only has a connection to Iran. The deal also guaranteed that Xankndi (Stepanakert) would retain access to Armenia through the Lachin Corridor mountain pass. NK Observer is not responsible for the content of external sites. A ceasefire in the mountain territory of Nagorno-Karabakh was under severe strain on Tuesday after new clashes between Azeri and ethnic Armenian forces in their deadliest fighting since the 1990s. In July 1918, the First Armenian Assembly of Nagorno-Karabakh declared the region self-governing and created a National Council and government. In 1923, the Soviet Union established the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblasthome to a 95 percent ethnically Armenian populationwithin the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic. At around 16:00 hours on 24 March 2022, reports emerged of Azeri troops overrunning Farukh village in Nagorno Karabakh. on the territory of the five traditional Armenian principalities, and constituted an absolute demographic majority on those lands. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nagorno-Karabakh&oldid=1118475575, This page was last edited on 27 October 2022, at 06:06. In 1261, after the daughter of the last king of Dizak married the king of Artsakh, Armenian[30] prince Hasan Jalal Dola, the two states merged into one[25] Armenian[31] Principality of Khachen. Independent observer and archive of military and official events in and around Mountainous Karabakh Amid all the complex geopolitical and strategic ramifications of this conflict, it is easy to forget the human impact of the fighting. She reminded Armenia and Azerbaijan, and states with influence over parties to the conflict, of their obligation under international humanitarian law to protect civilians. Nagorno-Karabakh (/nrno krbk/ n-GOR-noh kar--BAHK[3]) is a landlocked region in the South Caucasus, within the mountainous range of Karabakh, lying between Lower Karabakh and Syunik, and covering the southeastern range of the Lesser Caucasus mountains. Karabakhi authorites provided photos of the damage, as well as that of an exploded mortar shell. Karabakh is a region within Azerbaijan which has been under the control of ethnic Armenian forces since a full-scale separatist war ended in 1994, after killing about 30,000 people and displacing an estimated one million. Construction of the military base, which lies approximatelyContinue Reading, On 17 June, non-official media in Azerbaijan reported a civilian Soviet-produced Zil lorry carrying wheat was fired upon by Karabakhi-Armenian troops with 60mm mortars near the village of Ghapanli, 500 metres from the line-of-contact. Photos provided, On 12 August 2021, Turkeys Defence Ministry tweeted photos of yearly Caucasus Eagle 2021 (Tr. The ceasefire agreed in 1994, after a three-year war over Nagorno-Karabakh, has been repeatedly violated. Nagorno-Karabakhs environments vary from steppe on the Kura lowland through dense forest of oak, hornbeam, and beech on the lower mountain slopes to birchwood and alpine meadows higher up. [citation needed] On 26 November 1991 Azerbaijan abolished the status of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast, rearranging the administrative division and bringing the territory under direct control of Azerbaijan. During that time, Otuziki, Javanshir, Kebirli, and other Turkic tribes constituted the majority of the overall population. The self-proclaimed Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh declared its independence in early 1992 and has since held several independent elections, as well as a 2006 referendum that approved a new constitution. Sources confirmed that the slain fighters were buried in different areas of northern Syria, after their bodies were transported by military aircraft from camps in Azerbaijan to Turkey, and then to northern Syria by military trucks. Doves fly near the Holy Mother of God Cathedral in Stepanakert in Nagorno-Karabakh, on Friday, the day Armenia and Azerbaijan agreed to a ceasefire in the disputed area. The ceasefire, agreed on Saturday, has had little impact on fighting that began on September 27, despite concerns it could spark a wider conflict involving Judging by the photos, NK Observer experts, Since the end of the second Nagorno Karabakh war in 2020, some areas previously under de facto Nagorno Karabakh control were either transferred to or militarily gained by Azerbaijan. [22] The 7th-century Armenian linguist and grammarian Stephanos Syunetsi stated in his work that Armenians of Artsakh had their own dialect, and encouraged his readers to learn it.[23]. Their lands were often referred to as the Country of Khamsa (five in Arabic). As Americans sought to take the lead, Russia was concerned that the primary goal of the US was to use the Armenia-Azerbaijan peace agreement to push Russian peacekeepers out of Nagorno Karabakh. A Conversation About Nagorno-Karabakh - saisobserver.org And 2. Syrians Die Fighting in Nagorno-Karabakh as Their - The Syrian Observer [citation needed] In the early 18th century, Iran's Nader Shah took Karabakh out of control of the Ganja khans in punishment for their support of the Safavids, and placed it under his own control[41][42] In the mid-18th century, as internal conflicts between the meliks led to their weakening, the Karabakh Khanate was formed. The region has some light industry and many food-processing plants. Independent observer and archive of military and official events in and around Mountainous Karabakh, Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Russian-produced 1L271 Aistyonok artillery reconnaissance radar spotted in Nagorno Karabakh, Kalashnikov receives 10-year contract to produce arms in Armenia, Media reports of Israel test-firing LORA missile system for Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan to import helmets and armour protection from Indian firm, Armenia receives biggest arms shipment in years from Russia, Armenia receives new Tor anti-air defence system from Russia, Azerbaijan to receive ten MFI-17 training aircraft from Pakistan, Nakhichevan military garrison receives excavators from Turkey, Azerbaijans domestic production of the HP-7,62 machine gun, Armenia to receive four Su-30 multi-purpose fighters by February 2020, Azeri armed forces open new radar base with Spanish radar technology, Azerbaijan possibly receives Spanish radar system VIDEO, An updated map of Tagavard village, Nagorno Karabakh shows around 38 homes demolished, Bulgarian-produced 60mm mortars reportedly target Nagorno Karabakh village, New Armenia-Azerbaijan border dispute: 3 villages and gold, copper, silver and molybdenum deposits, GEOLOCATED Turkey hosts special forces drills with Georgia, Azerbaijan and Nakhichevan (sic) troops near Ankara, Armenia fails to secure its borders after Karabakhi territories ceded to Azerbaijan after the war, A brief overview about the mine and UXO situation in Nagorno Karabakh, Nagorno Karabakhs Farukh village and surrounding heights come under Azeri control, Russia accuses Azerbaijan of violating the ceasefire with 2 combat drones. 1 talking about this. The exact price of the dealContinue Reading, A few days ago on 04 December, Azeri Defence officials announced the transfer of excavators and tractors from Turkey to the Nakhichevani military garrison. For any questions, comments or recommendations, feel free to contact us at nkobserver.mail@gmail.com. On Friday, Turkey demanded that all Armenian forces withdraw from Nagorno-Karabakh, a position that could undermine the ceasefire. Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev delivered a televised speech on the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh that was heavy in inflammatory rhetoric but also represented a clear statement on Baku's objectives. The Observer view on Nagorno-Karabakh | Observer editorial Regional powers initially failed to intervene or, in the case of Turkey, fanned the flames. Golestan-i Iram, " -->--> 16", "KM.RU , , , , , , , , , | KM.RU", Circular by colonel D. I. Shuttleworth of the British Command, "Q&A with Arsne Saparov: No Evidence that Stalin "gave" Karabakh to Azerbaijan", RESOLUTION on the situation in Soviet Armenia, Playing the "Communal Card". While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Armenia, Azerbaijan pledge 'Not to Use Force' over Nagorno-Karabakh The Minsk Group, created in 1994 to address the dispute, has led the negotiation and mediation efforts but the territorial issues remain as intractable as ever . Manufactured by the Turkish firm Hidromek, at least eight tracked and three wheeled heavy-duty excavators, two graders, two front-end loaders and three backhoe tractors were providedContinue Reading, In recent years, Azerbaijan has stepped up efforts to create a domestic arms industry, starting with standard military equipment to high-technology drone production. [80][81] On 1517 May 2007 the 34th session of the Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Organization of Islamic Conference adopted resolution No. Case Studies: Nagorno-Karabakh. According to some sources, in 821, the Armenian[24] prince Sahl Smbatian revolted in Artsakh and established the House of Khachen, which ruled Artsakh as a principality until the early 19th century. Nagorno-Karabakh | @OCMediaorg | Flipboard the fighting began on the morning of 27 september 2020 with an azerbaijani offensive [97] [98] along the line of contact established in the aftermath of the first nagorno-karabakh war (1988-1994), with the primary goal of reclaiming the less mountainous districts of southern nagorno-karabakh, which were easier to take than the region's The fact that Azerbaijan and Armenia have gone back to war at a moment of acute global crisis is deeply dismaying. It has full membership status in a number of international organizations and observer status, etc. Although tensions flared in July, the suddenness and intensity of this war have taken many around the world by surprise. After the Sovietization of Armenia and Azerbaijan, the Kavbiuro (Caucasian Bureau of the Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik)) decided that Karabakh would remain within Azerbaijan SSR with broad regional autonomy, with the administrative centre in the city of Shusha (the administrative center was later moved to Stepanakert). The US did nothing. Arab Observer u0004 Military positions dividing the, At around 16:00 hours on 24 March 2022, reports emerged of Azeri troops overrunning Farukh village in Nagorno Karabakh. While no injuries were reported, a house was damaged. Perhaps the ceasefire will hold and peace talks will produce a permanent truce. Two questions arise: 1. Nagorno-Karabakh is part of Azerbaijan, but its population is majority Armenian. The old autonomous region occupied an area of about 1,700 square miles (4,400 square km), while the forces of the self-proclaimed Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh presently occupy some 2,700 square miles (7,000 square km). Nagorno-Karabakh, also spelled Nagorno-Karabach, Azerbaijani Dalq Qaraba, Armenian Artsakh, region of southwestern Azerbaijan. [9] Azerbaijan made significant gains during the war, regaining most of the occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh and large parts of Nagorno-Karabakh, including the culturally significant city of Shusha. Karabakhi authorites provided photos of the damage, as well as that of an exploded mortar shell. And, as in Belarus and Ukraine, Trump is oddly reluctant to challenge Putin. To make this happen, Yerevan intends to sign a peace treaty with Azerbaijan, as well as to normalize relations with Turkey. The deal required Armenia to relinquish its military control over Nagorno-Karabakh and allowed Russian peacekeepers to guard the region for five years. PossibleContinue Reading, According to Armenian military blog Razm.info, a transfer of military-grade radar technology from Spain to Azerbaijan possibly took place last week. Earlier, on November 25, Azerbaijani troops took control of the Kalbajar District, connecting Nagorno-Karabakh with Armenia, and five days earlier the Azerbaijanis seized the Agdam District. [58] The resulting district ensured an Armenian majority. In Belarus, large pro-democracy demonstrations are continuing despite the regimes frequently violent, illegal efforts to crush them. [18] The ruins of the ancient Tigranakert, located 50km (30mi) north-east of Stepanakert, are being studied by a group of international scholars.
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